Turbine-driven locomotive



Nov. 25,` 1930.

A. LYSHOLM TURBINE DRIVEN LOCOMOTIVE.

4Filed May 1, 1924 2 sheets-snaai 1 Nov. 25, 1930. A. LYSHOLM 1,783,126

TURBINE DRIVEN LOCOMOTIVE Filed May 1,1924 .2 Sheets-sheet 2 xviii/$011111;

(umwmmm Patented Nov. 25, 1.93.0

UNITED STATES PATENT oFFljcE ALF LYSHOLM, OF STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN, ASSIGNOR TO AKTIEBOLAGET LJLUNGSTRMS l ANGTURBIIL OF LIDING-Or-BREVIK, SWEDEN, A. CORPORATION TURBINE-DRIVEN LOCOMOTVE Application filed May 1y 19211, Serial No. 710,463, and in Sweden April 30, 1923.

lt has previously been proposed in turbine driven locomotives to also drive the auxiliary aggregates, for instance feeding pumps, condensate pumps and the like by means of turblues, the exhaust steam from said turbines 5 having been led therefrom in several dierent manners. Thus, for instance, the said auxiliary turbines have sometimes been 'connected in such a Way that the exhaust steam from the turbine has been caused to 'pass wholly or partly through another turbine, or said. turbines have been connected to the main turbine either in such manner that the exhaust steam from the auxiliary turbine has been led into the main turbine at such a place, Where the back pressure `is suitablefor the auxiliary main turbine, the vcontrol of the locomotive hasvhitherto been rather complicated.

The present invention relates to locomotives of the above-mentioned type and has for its object to facilitate the control of the locomotive, so that the control of the auxiliary turbine will follow directly upon the control of the main turbine, and consists in that the inlet part of one ormore of the turbines adapted for running said auxiliary aggregates is connected to the steam boiler and that the exhaust pipe from said turbine or turbines is connected to the inlet part of the main turbine. i

The invention is illustrated in the annexed 40" drawing. In all of the iigui'es only one aux- 'iliary turbine is arranged according to the invention, however, it will obviously involve no difficulty to arrange several turbines in the same manner. Fig. 1 shows a locomotive with condenser, main and auxiliary turbines ar- .m ranged according to the invention. Flg.- 2 shows schematically. a coupling diagram of an arrangement according to the invention, and

au Fig. 3 shows a modified form of embodiment of the said arrangement. Fig. 4 shows diagrammatlcally a detail of the connection beween the main turbine and theauxiliary turine.

In Figs. 1, 2 and 3, 1 designates the steaml biiie is indicated by the reference numeral 3.

and 4 is the condenser. According to Figs. 1 and 2 the steam passes from the steam boiler 1 through a high pressure pipe 8 to` a Steam valve 5 common to both of the turbines 2 and 3 and thence through the pipe 9 to the auxiliary turbine 2. The blade system and the inlet part of said turbine are such that a small part only of the drop of pressure of the steam passing through the high pressure. pipe 8 is utilized. From the auxiliary turbine 2 the steam is led through the pipe 10 to the main turbine 3 where the wholeremainin drop of l pressure is utilized, that is a drop o pressure from the pressure of the supply steam down to the vacuum in the exhaust pipe 11 to the condenser. This condenser may be of any known type, for instance be constructed as shown in the Patent No. 1,550,177. The exhaust steam of the main turbine thus enters a liquid receptacle, kept under vacuum, and

then passes through several pipings into air cooled elements, Where it is condensed. The j condensate flows back again to the receptacle.

By arranging according to the invention the auxiliary turbine between the steam boiler T and the main turbine it is possible to control by means of one steam valve 5 the main turbine 3 as well as the auxiliary turbine 2. Ob- I viously this is of great importance in case of the running of the auxiliary turbine being dependent on the running of the main turbine, which, forinstance, is the case, when the auxiliary turbine, as lshown in Fig. 1, 1s adapted to drive fans 21 for forcing the cooling air` necessary for the condenser 3, since 1C?) the main turbine, obviously, should not be started without simultaneously forcing cooling air through the condenser. Another advantage gained by the invention is that the speed of the auxiliary turbine is regulated automatically in accordance with the speed 0f the main turbine.

In the modification shown in Fig. 3 the high pressure pipe 8 is divided into two pipes 12 and 13 which by means of steam valves 5 and 51 lead to the auxiliary turbine 2. The exhaust pipe 10 from the auxiliary turbine 2 is likewise divided into several pipes 10a, 10h and 10, respectively (three branch pipes being shown in the drawing), which all open into the inlet part of the main turbine 3, and two branch pipes 10b and 10 of which are provided each with a steam valve. The exhaust pipe 11 from the main turbine 3 opens, as before, directly into the condenser. The branch pipes 12 and 13 open each into the passages between a group of guide blades of the auxiliary turbine 2 which, as will be described in detail in connection with Fig. 4, are so constructed that the steam delivered to the turbine 2 through the pipe 13 will, when passing through said pipe, be subjected to a greater drop of pressure than the steam delivered to the turbine through the pipe 12. The drop of pressure in the first mentioned case is, preferably, so great that the pressure in the exhaust pipe 10 will obtain the same value as the vacuum in the condenser 4. Thus, by such means it is possible to drive the turbine 2 without simultaneously starting the turbine 3. For that purpose the steam valve 51 is opened, while the steam valve 5 is held closed, the steam quantity delivered to the turbine 2 being subjected to such a great drop -of pressure that the same vacuum is produced inthe pipe 10 as in the condenser 4 so that, consequently, no drop of pressure will be left to the mainturbine. If, on the other hand, the steam valve 5 is opened, the steam sup- .plied to the turbine 2 will be subjected to a small drop of pressure only, so that a suicient pressure remains for the runnin of the main turbine 3. By opening one or Troth of the valves in the pipes 10b and 10c the back pressure after the turbine 2 may be vari-ed and also the output of the two turbines 2 and 3. In the same degree as more of said valves are closed, the back pressure after the turbine 2 is increased and the output of the said turbine with relation to the turbine 3 lessened.

When the branch pipes 10, 10b and 10c com- -municate with surfaces of theinl'et part of the main turbine having different dimensions, the said Variation of the back pressure after the auxiliary turbine may be erformed more smoothly by opening and s utting off the valves.

The above-mentioned arrangement will be more clearly apparent from Fig. 4. According to said figure the turbine 2 consists of a maaier;

blade wheel 14 and guide blades 15 and 16. The said guide blades 15 and 16 are, as mentioned above, so constructed that the steam entering through the pipe 12 is subjected to a small drop of pressurev only, when passing through the turbine, while the steam entering through the pipe 13 is subjected to a drop of pressure, for instance down to the vacuum in the condenser. The said action is performed so that the passages between the uide blades 15 do not get wider towards the lade wheel 14 and, consequently, no expansion of the steam will take place in the said guide blades, whereas the passages between the guide blades 16 get wider towards the blade wheel 14, so that the steam is subjected to an expansion, when passing through said guide blades.

According to Fig. 4 the exhaust pipe 10 from the turbine 2 is divided into two branch pipes 10EL and 10b respectively, the branch pipe 10a of which communicates with the guide blades 17 and the first blade wheel 18 of the main turbine 3. The branch pipe 10b is controlled by a valve 19 through which steam may be supplied to the guide blades 20. If the valve 19 is closed, a higher back pressure after the turbine 2 exists than if said valve is open. Thus, in the former case the turbine 2 delivers a less quantity of energy relatively to the turbine 3 than in the latter case.

Assuming that the turbine 2 drives fans for the cooling air of the condenser, the turbine i should obviously deliver a greater amount of energy during the summer, when a greater quantityA of cooling air is required, thanV during the winter, when the temperature is lower and thus the quantity of cooling air may be decreased. The branch pipes 10a and 10b are preferably so chosen that the valve 19 need not be controlled at other occasions than when a change in weather has occurred, so that the said valve will during the summer be wholly or partly opened, while said valve will be closed more or less in the same degree as the outer temperature drops.

Thus, according to the invention it is possible to control both turbines by a valve device common to both turbines. This is, as above mentioned, of great importance when the running of the auxiliary aggregate driven by the auxiliary turbine is dependent on the running of the main turbine, which is the case in the above chosen example, when the auxiliary turbine is used for running the fans of the condenser. Thus, it is advantageous with respect to steam economy that the quantity of the cooling air forced through the condenser is automatically adjusted in proportion to the steam delivered by the main turbine and that the auxiliary turbine is only driven, when cooling air is required.

However, a case may arise where it is only necessary to drive the auxiliary turbine without simultaneously driving the main turbine.

lAs mentioned above, this may be accomplished, when the main turbine stands still, in that the auxiliary turbine is only driven by steam through the pipe 13. The condition will be the same, when the main turbine run idle on account of the locomotive, for instance when coasting on a down grade, in which case the'steam to the auxiliary turbine 2 is likewise .delivered only through the pipe 13. In this case, an advantage will also be gained by anarrangement according to the invention where the exhaust steam from the auxiliary turbine driven in the manner described, when passing through the main turbine, has a cooling action on said turbine, Which is of great importance in order to prevent too high aheating of the main turbine due to the friction of the blades against the steam remaining in some cases in said turbine.

The invention is independent of the purpose for which said turbines are to be used, and severalmodifications may, obviously, be conceived, Without departing from the scope of the invention.

rectly connecting same with said main tur-J bine.

2. In a turbine driven, locomotive, a boiler for a single pressure, a low pressure main turbine for driving the locomotive, an air forcing device, a high pressure auxiliary turbine for driving said air forcing device,

a conduit connecting the inlet part of said auxiliary turbine with said boiler, a plurality of exhaust pipes from said auxiliary turbine connecting same with said main turbine and a steam valve in certain of said exhaust pipes.

3. In a turbine driven locomotive, a boiler for a singlepressure, a low pressure main turbine for driving the locomotive, an air forcing devlce, a high pressure auxiliary turbine for drlving said'alr` forclng devlce, a

- conduit connecting the inlet part of said auxiliary turbine with said boiler, a plurality of exhaust pipes from said auxiliary turbine connecting same with said main turbine, a-

steam 'valve in certain of saidexhaust pipes, said exhaust pipes being connected with portions of unequal size of the distributing or ninlet part of said main turbine.

4. In a turbine driven locomotive, a boiler, a main turbine for driving the locomotive,

an air forcing device, an auxiliary turbine' for driving said air forcing device, a conduit connecting the inletpart of said auxiliary turbine with the boiler, said inlet part comprising two groups of guide blades, the passages between the blades of the one group widening towards the blade wheel of the turbine, whereas the passages between the blades of the other group are of the same width throughout their entire length, and an exhaust pipe from said auxiliary turbine connecting same with the main turbine.

5. In a turbine driven locomotive, a boiler for a single pressure, a condenser, a low pressure main turbine for driving the locomotive, a device for forcing air through the condenser, a high pressure auxiliary tur` bine for operating the air forcing device, a conduit connecting the inlet part of said auxiliary turbine with said boiler, and an exhaust pipe from said auxiliary turbine directly connecting same with said main turbine.

6. In a turbine driven locomotive, a boiler for a single pressure, a condenser, a low pressure main turbine for driving the locomotive, a device for forcing air throughthe condenser, a high pressure auxiliary turbine for driving the air forcing device, a conduit connecting the inlet part of said auxiliary turbine with said boiler, a plurality of exhaust pipes from said auxiliary turbine connecting same with said main turbine and a steam valve in certain of said exhaust pipes.

In testimony whereof I aiiix my signature.

ALF LYSHOLM. 

